Hurricane Irene Overwhelms Sewage Systems, Releases Millions of Gallons of Waste

Rain from Hurricane Irene flooded sewage systems across Maryland, overwhelming sewage treatment plants and releasing millions of gallons of waste into Chesapeake Bay tributaries, according to the Maryland Department of the Environment.

Baltimore County reported 12 incidents of sewage pumping stations overflowing this weekend, with each incident releasing between 2,000 gallons and more than 13 million gallons of sewage mixed with rainwater, according to the state agency. The storm also flooded wastewater treatment plants in the Towns of Millington and Greensboro on the Eastern Shore, and it shut down ultraviolet disinfection facilities at the Mattawoman Wastewater Treatment Plant in Southern Maryland, according to the state agency.

UPDATE:  The Anne Arundel County Department of Health today (on Sept. 30) closed a section of the Patapsco River in the Brookyln neighborhood because of an overflow of more than 50 million gallons from the Patapsco Pumping Station, caused by a rupture in a 54-inch sewage line on Sunday. In Washington D.C., 200 million gallons of sewage mixed with rainwater overflowed into the Potomac River and its tributaries.

Sewage overflows during rainstorms are not unique to Maryland or Washington, D.C.  Overflows are frequent across the country, in part because rain overwhelms old, leaky sewage systems, and some antiquated systems combine human waste and rain water in the same pipes.

But Maryland deserves credit for attacking the problem aggressively.  In an effort that stretches back more than a decade, state regulators and EPA have used administrative orders and lawsuits to help compel older cities and towns to modernize their sewer systems.

Massive construction projects are under way -– but only partially complete -- in Baltimore and Western Maryland’s Allegany County, among other locations.  Communities across the state plan to invest $2 billion to $3 billion over the next 14 years, with the goal of eliminating sewage overflows in Maryland by 2025, according to the Maryland Department of the Environment.

“Overflows are, unfortunately, quite common throughout Maryland, throughout the region, and  throughout even the U.S,” said Jay Sakai, director of the Water Management Administration at the Maryland Department of the Environment. “The state certainly recognizes that this is a problem that we all have to work together to help fix.”

Sewage overflows are a problem because they can pose a potential risk to human health to people who swim in or accidentally swallow contaminated waters, or to people who eat shellfish tainted with human waste.

In advance of Hurricane Irene on Saturday, the Maryland Department of the Environment banned all harvesting of oysters and other shellfish in state waters for a week because of the likelihood that heavy rains would flush sewage and contaminated storm water into the Chesapeake Bay. The ban extends until September 3.

How widespread is the problem?

Well, let's look at Baltimore, as one example. There were seven small sewage overflows during this weekend’s storm, according to the city Department of Public Works. Before that, from January to mid- August, almost 6 million gallons of sewage mixed with water had overflowed from pipes in Baltimore into streams and the harbor, according to a sewage overflow database maintained by the Maryland Department of the Environment.

However, Baltimore is not even close to having the worst sewage overflow problem in Maryland.  That distinction falls to the small Western Maryland town of La Vale, according to the state database. 

La Vale is an unincorporated community of about 4,000 people located about three hours west of Baltimore in the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains. By mid-August, La Vale had reported 20 sewage overflows so far this year that released a total of 171 million gallons of sewage mixed with rainwater into Braddock Run, which eventually flows into the Potomac River, a Chesapeake Bay tributary, according to the state database.

That meant that tiny La Vale had almost 29 times the volume of sewage overflows reported by the much larger Baltimore city. In fact, through mid-August of this year, 10 of the 10 largest sewage overflows reported in Maryland were in La Vale or surrounding Allegany County, according to the state database.

Because of the sewage overflows in La Vale, levels of e-coli bacteria in Braddock Run average about 13 times higher than state water quality standards, according to federal and state pollution limits for the stream. 

On a recent afternoon, Staton Klein, a graduate student in stream ecology at nearby Frostburg State University, inspected the rocky stream. Braddock Run is about 20 feet across, shaded by trees, and flows behind a Red Lobster and strip malls on Route 40 in La Vale. He squatted beside a two foot wide black plastic pipe that points into the waterway.

“Right here is the outfall,” Klein said, ignoring a pungent odor.  “As you can see, remaining from the last overflow event we have toilet paper and God knows what else on the ground, in the shrubs, I’ve seen it hanging from trees. It’s pretty nasty.”

La Vale is one of seven older communities in Maryland –- mostly in Western Maryland’s Allegany County, but also in Cambridge and Federalsburg on the Eastern Shore -- that still have combined sewage and stormwater systems, according to the Maryland Department of the Environment. In these old-fashioned systems, rainwater from storm drains on the street is funneled into the same pipes with human waste, and both are released together during storms.

It would be illegal today to build such a system like La Vale’s that deliberately releases raw sewage.  But Maryland does not fine LaVale, because the town and surrounding Allegany County are spending millions of dollars to separate their sewage and stormwater systems under a court consent decree approved by the state in 2001, according to Sakai of the Maryland Department of the Environment.

“Years ago, there was a sense that you could build these combined systems, and you knew there was some element of the sewage that would get into the stream at the time when it rained, and that was perfectly acceptable,” Sakai said.  “Well, the regulations have changed and the Clean Water Act (passed by Congress in 1972) has come into play.”

The La Vale Sanitary Commission did not return phone calls asking about the sewage overflows.

In some ways, it is difficult to compare the sewage overflow problems in La Vale and Baltimore, because their sewage systems have different problems.  For example, Baltimore already has separate sewage and stormwater pipes.

But in places like the Herring Run stream in northeast Baltimore, terracotta sewage pipes were built roughly a century ago, often right in stream beds. The pipes then cracked and leaked, especially during rain storms, according to the Baltimore Public Works Department.

“DANGER: POLLUTED WATER.  KEEP OUT" reads a sign on a bridge over the Herring Run.

Spurrred by a 1997 lawsuit filed against the city by EPA and Maryland regulators, Baltimore is now spending about $1.5 billion dollars replacing or fixing about 250 miles of its decaying pipes, including the lines beside Herring Run, according to Kurt Kocher,  spokesman for the Baltimore Public Works Department. The city is lining many of its leaky pipes with polyurethane to prevent intrusion of rain water, officials said.

Sewer line work has already been completed along the Stony Run stream in North Baltimore.  City residents will notice even more major construction projects starting early next year in several other areas of the city, including south of Druid Hill Park.

“We really need to start addressing our infrastructure, so we have the immediate benefit of putting people to work, doing something that absolutely has to be done,” Kocher said. “We have all of the spinoff economic benefits that come from this.  You have cleaner streams, cleaner neighborhoods, so that’s better property values and improvement to tourism when you have a clean harbor, and a clean Bay.”

Water and sewer bills are going up because of the infrastructure improvements. But from cleaner streams may flow a healthier economy and a cleaner conscience when we hear the sound of rain.

By Tom Pelton

Chesapeake Bay Foundation

(Photos by Tom Pelton)

 

Comments

[Kathy Kingsley]

Thank you for this article. I will be using this to model writing article summaries for my students in Environmental science classes, when school finally starts for us in Baltimore County.

[Tom Pelton]

Thanks, Kathy! I believe Baltimore County is also under a consent decree to improve its old and leaky sewer lines.

Obviously, the work in Baltimore County not done -- because there were 12 incidents of sewage pumping stations in the county being overwhelmed during the recent rain storm, releasing millions of gallons of human waste mixed with water.

It might be interesting to have someone from the county public works department come in and talk to your class about exactly what they are doing to solve the problem.

[Eyes on the Bay]

Nice article. Was looking for some reporting on this issue in the commercial media with nothing to be found.

[Tom Pelton]

Thanks, Eyes.

Actually, The Washington Post published a good article on the subject, thanks to their ace environmental writer Darryl Fears.

It appears as this Bay Daily article helped to inspire (or at least contributed information to) a news story on sewage overflows in the national section of The Washington Post. The Post article quotes from the Bay Daily article and provides a link to this blog. (Thanks very much, Darryl!)

You can read the Post article here: http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/irenes-deluge-sends-waste-into-waterways/2011/08/29/gIQArcrMoJ_story.html

[Lindsey]

Tom,
Do you know of any public notices given by the regional or local health departments in regards to the SSOs caused by Hurricane Irene?

[Tom Pelton]

Yes, the Anne Arundel County Health Department posted this notice:

http://www.aahealth.org/emergency-closing-for-patapsco-river-in-brooklyn

And the Baltimore County Health Department posted this notice:

http://www.baltimorecountymd.gov/Agencies/health/environmentalhealth/watersampling/alertadvisory.html

I'm sure there were others, too.

[Jim Long]

It's not just older systems that cause problems. Check out the YouTube videos listed below to see raw sewage spilling into Mattawoman Creek in Charles County, Maryland. The area affected is frequented by anglers and kayakers.

Mattawoman has been called the best fish nursery in the Bay, but growth policies (think sprawl) have recently turned the fish ecology upside down--Mattawoman critically needs a new direction.

The plant to which the sewer line connects is only about 20 years old. Its construction permitted land speculators to begin developing the watershed, with Charles County growth and zoning polices serving as a cheerleader. The fundamental problem is one of values--trashing our streams is shrugged off as "balance," that is, as the cost of doing business.

Fortunately, a remarkable change in the political climate of Charles County may in fact change the direction for Mattawoman and other waterways in the county. The county is revising its Comprehensive Plan. Of the three future "scenarios" being considered, Scenario #1 actually implements true Smart Growth, with protection of stream valleys throughout the county, and attention to investment in existing urban centers. There are also competing scenarios that do a poor job, including one perpetuating business as usual. Getting behind Scenario #1 could create an unprecedented example of choosing Smart Growth for propserity, and for the Bay.

You can see a description of the scenarios at: http://www.charlescountyplan.org/images/document_library/preliminary%20scenarios%20packet.pdf

The following YouTube videos of sewage flowing into Mattawoman Creek are best viewed in the order given:
www.youtube.com/watch?v=PeFS4GHHlpg
www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tgb6mhtDlU8
www.youtube.com/watch?v=clx2QHIJUOI
www.youtube.com/watch?v=UaCvp49tPtY

[Tom Pelton]

Thanks, Jim! I'll check those out.

[Elevation22]

Has anyone actually quantified the ponds of nitrogen and phosphorus released during these overflow events. From what I hear it’s difficult to assess because the overflows can occur at different stages of the treatment process, with the sewage often being diluted. The stringent TMDL process should require this information be documented. The post article mentions that the pollution from these overflows can have effects on water quality for up to three days. This is misleading, I believe, as it relates to fecal coliform. The effects on water quality from nitrogen can last months or years, while phosphorus effects can last decades.

[Tom Pelton]

Thanks, Elevation.

Do any readers out there have any numbers or sources that could answer this question?

My general understanding is that the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus from sewage overflows -- while significant -- is a relatively small percentage of the total amount of these pollutants causing "dead zones" in the Chesapeake Bay. Much larger sources of these nutrients include stormwater runoff pollution from agricultural and urban sources, and the actual permitted discharges of nitrogen and phosphorus from sewage treatment plants.

Sewage overflows do present a human health risk, however, because the bacteria can make people sick if they swim in contaminated waters or accidentally get it on their lips and swallow it (as children sometimes do when they play in streams)

[Lori Lilly]

The nutrient impacts of sanitary sewer overflows are underestimated because the clock does not begin calculating volume of pollution delivered until the appropriate local government authority gets to the site. It doesn't matter how long the overflow has been occurring before that point – the preceding volume is not taken into consideration. What’s more, the cumulative impact of small leaky sewer pipes on a watershed-scale is significant during dry weather. For example, one small continuous sewer leak that was found in Maryland was estimated to deliver over 600 pounds of nitrogen in half a year (see reports by the Center for Watershed Protection). Dozens of these small leaks can be found in urbanized Bay watersheds, going unnoticed until a systematic process for finding and fixing them is effectively in place. Addressing aging infrastructure needs to move to the forefront of our conversations on Bay restoration; the cost effectiveness of repairing at the source rather than at the “end of the pipe” through stormwater retrofits is a no-brainer.

[trade plumbing supplies]

Disaster is a kind of situation that we cannot predict when it can happens because it is from nature. Like hurricane, they can destroy our properties. One of the effect of hurricane is overwhelming the sewage treatment plant that can cause of water pollution.

[Tribeca Plumber]

I hope that this will stimulate progress in the piping planing in future projects, and perhaps even will bring a change to the existing ones. I hate to think of the damage to the environment in such occasions, I guess we should be more prepared for mother natures surprises.

[E-Zigi]

Das könnte mir weiterhelfen. Habe ewig danach gesucht.

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